With their reliance on digital tools, coupled with limited budgets for cybersecurity, many nonprofit organizations are exposed to risks that jeopardize their missions. In fact, Nonprofit Tech for Good reported that 27% of nonprofit organizations worldwide fell victim to a cyberattack in 2023.
From the exploitation of sensitive information to sophisticated phishing attacks, nonprofits must dodge a growing array of cyber threats while protecting the personal information and trust of their clients and donors.
But what are the top cybersecurity threats nonprofits face today? Beyond well-known risks like ransomware attacks, new dangers fueled by artificial intelligence and machine learning are reshaping the cybersecurity landscape. These challenges demand proactive security measures and a strong cybersecurity strategy to stay ahead.
Top 10 Cybersecurity Threats Facing Nonprofits
Cybercriminals target nonprofit organizations for the sensitive data they hold, which includes donor information, financial records and client details. Here are 10 threats nonprofits face today:
1. Ransomware Attacks
Ransomware remains one of the most devastating types of malware. Criminals exploit vulnerabilities in outdated systems, encrypting critical files and demanding payments for their release. Nonprofits, often operating with limited resources, are prime targets due to the potential for financial gain and disruption to vital services. Regular software updates and backup protocols are essential security measures against these malicious activities.
2. Data Breaches
Cybercriminals seek to exploit vulnerabilities in nonprofit systems to steal sensitive data, including donor financial details and program-related confidential information. Breaches not only harm reputation: they can lead to regulatory fines and legal consequences. Strong access controls and encryption are vital to mitigate these risks.
3. Phishing and Social Engineering Attacks
Phishing attacks use personalized messages to exploit human trust. These social engineering attacks often target nonprofit staff with links that harvest personal information or install malicious software. In 2025, nonprofits must prioritize training to recognize phishing schemes and adopt email filtering solutions to block such threats.
4. IoT Device Vulnerabilities
The growing use of IoT devices and cloud-based web applications in nonprofit operations introduces new entry points for malicious activity. Without proper security measures, these technologies can be exploited to gain unauthorized access to networks or disrupt operations. Organizations must audit these systems regularly and apply patches to known vulnerabilities.
5. AI-Powered Attacks
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made cyberattacks more targeted and harder to detect. Criminals use AI to automate phishing campaigns, analyze systems for weaknesses, and evade detection tools. Nonprofits need to use AI-driven monitoring systems to identify unusual activity and combat these advanced threats.
6. Insider Threats
Not all cyber threats originate from outside the organization. Disgruntled employees, careless staff, or even volunteers with access to sensitive data can pose serious risks. Insider threats can lead to the theft or mishandling of confidential information, whether intentional or accidental. Nonprofits should implement strict access controls, regular monitoring, and comprehensive exit procedures to reduce these risks.
7. Credential Stuffing Attacks
With many nonprofit employees and volunteers reusing passwords across multiple platforms, credential stuffing attacks are on the rise. Cybercriminals use stolen login credentials obtained from previous breaches to access nonprofit systems, compromising sensitive information. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an essential security measure to prevent unauthorized access.
8. Supply Chain Attacks
Many nonprofits rely on third-party vendors for software, web applications, and other operational tools. Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in these supply chains to deliver malicious software or gain access to nonprofit networks. Nonprofits must thoroughly vet their vendors and enforce strict contractual requirements for security compliance.
9. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks
DDoS attacks can overwhelm nonprofit websites and online services, rendering them inaccessible during critical fundraising or communication efforts. These attacks are designed to disrupt operations and damage reputation.
10. Targeted Malware Campaigns
Cybercriminals are developing specialized types of malware to target nonprofit organizations. These campaigns often exploit specific vulnerabilities in outdated systems or software. Regular software updates, endpoint protection, and employee awareness training can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to such malicious activity.
Learn more: Why Cyberattacks on Nonprofit Organizations Are Growing
Why Are Nonprofits at Risk?
Nonprofits often operate under unique circumstances that make them more vulnerable to cyber threats. Unlike for-profit corporations, they may lack the budget, resources, and staff expertise to implement strong cybersecurity strategies.
Other reasons cybercriminals target nonprofits include:
- Limited Budgets: Nonprofits typically allocate most of their funding toward program goals, leaving little for IT security measures like advanced firewalls or security audits.
- Sensitive Data Repositories: Donor information, financial data, and beneficiary records are rich in personal and sensitive information, making nonprofits appealing targets.
- Resistance to Change: Staff and volunteers may resist implementing new cybersecurity tools or policies, fearing disruption to their work routines.
- Complexity in Staff Onboarding: Nonprofits often rely on temporary or part-time staff who may not receive adequate training on cybersecurity best practices.
- Reliance on Legacy Systems: Many nonprofits continue using outdated systems that are more prone to vulnerabilities, lacking the budget for modernization.
- Approval Bottlenecks: Decision-making processes in nonprofits can be slow, delaying the implementation of critical security measures.
Learn more: A Complete Guide to Cybersecurity
Actionable Steps to Mitigate Top Cybersecurity Threats
To defend against the top cybersecurity threats in 2025, nonprofits must adopt a proactive and comprehensive approach.
Develop a Cybersecurity Strategy
A well-defined cybersecurity strategy should include:
- Regular risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities.
- Clear incident response plans for dealing with breaches and ransomware attacks.
- Budget allocation for necessary cybersecurity tools and training.
Prioritize Employee Training
Human error is a leading cause of security breaches. Regular training on recognizing phishing attacks, social engineering scams, and other threats is essential. Include role-specific training tailored to staff responsibilities.
Implement Advanced Security Measures
- Access Controls: Restrict access to sensitive data based on job roles and responsibilities.
- Endpoint Protection: Protect devices against malicious software and other threats.
- Encryption: Secure sensitive information during transmission and storage.
- Network Monitoring: Use AI-powered tools to detect unusual activity.
Vet Vendors and Supply Chains
Work with vendors who demonstrate strong cybersecurity practices. Incorporate security requirements into contracts and perform periodic audits.
Regularly Backup Data
Create encrypted backups of all critical data and test recovery processes regularly to ensure preparedness in case of a ransomware attack.
Learn more: Policies, Managers, and MFA: The Password Security Trifecta
Protect Your Mission and Secure Your Future
The stakes are high, with sensitive data, donor trust, and critical operations on the line. But by understanding these risks and taking proactive measures, nonprofits can protect their organizations while continuing to make a meaningful impact.
CTS is committed to being your trusted partner in this effort. We specialize in providing cybersecurity services for nonprofit organizations, and can develop, implement, and support a customized security strategy that will keep your data and clients safe.
